Thursday, August 27, 2020

Merchant of Venice (Anti- Semitism)

Addressing Humanity The Merchant Of Venice In the Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare, Shylock is depicted as a manipulative, eager, and cash hungry man who, all through the book, is overwhelmed by the decay of his foes. As a result of the overarching against Semitic slant in Shakespeare's time, you would normally accept that the Merchant of Venice is an enemy of Semitic play. Notwithstanding, as you keep on analyzing the content, Shakespeare depicts Shylock in a considerably more human manner than was commonly done back then and he shows that Shylock is, truth be told, a piece of humanity.Shakespeare challenges hostile to Semitism by demonstrating that Jews are much the same as Christians. He does this by demonstrating how the defects that individuals have are what make us human. Indeed, even today, Shakespeare shows the world how tricky individuals can be, regardless of their religion, race, or individual convictions. Shakespeare utilizes incongruity in this play to show that the awful things that Shylock (the Jew) has done are no more regrettable than what Antonio (the Christian) has done in his lifetime.Therefore, this makes the impact of acculturating the characters and exhibits that paying little mind to religion or race, individuals have both great and terrible sides. In spite of the fact that Shylock’s Jewishness is made clear from the exact instant he is presented, and in this manner appears to fortify Shakespeare’s fill in as being hostile to Semitic, it is in reality Shylock’s mind and mankind that uncover how Shakespeare difficulties such inclination. Before Shylock even enters the play, the scene presentation makes reference to that he is a Jew⠭â ­ and quickly sets your brain against him, particularly in Elizabethan England when Jews were alienated.Shylock cited, â€Å"[Antonio] hath disrespected me [Shylock] and frustrated me a large portion of a million, chuckled at my misfortunes, ridiculed at my benefits, despise d my country, impeded my deals, cooled my companions, warmed mine enemiesâ€and what’s his explanation? I [Shylock] am a Jew. (3:1:52). † While Jews were despised in view of their strict convictions, Shakespeare clarified that every strict gathering detested one another. For instance, Shylock says, â€Å"I loathe him for he is a Christian (1:3:40). † Therefore, in spite of the fact that Shylock is made the â€Å"bad guy† in this play, he isn’t the just a single liable of strict discrimination.Shakespeare clarifies that both Antonio and Shylock have no strict resilience for one another and are biased toward each other’s religion. In spite of the fact that William Shakespeare persuades that Shylock is partial toward Christians, the explanation behind his scorn turns out to be clear when you discover that he is a man who is manhandled by the Christians encompassing him. Shylock has a purpose behind his disdain, â€Å"You call me skeptic, rele ntless canine, And spit upon my Jewish gaberdine. 1:3:121)† Shylock safeguards his disdain when he says, â€Å" Hath not a Jew Eyes? Hath not a Jew Hands, organs, measurements, detects, expressions of love, interests? Taken care of with a similar food, hurt with similar weapons, subject to similar ailments, mended by similar methods, warmed and cooled by a similar winter and summer as a Christian may be? In the event that you prick us, do we not drain? In the event that you stimulate us, do we not chuckle? On the off chance that you harm us do we not bite the dust? Furthermore, on the off chance that you wrong us, will we not retribution? On the off chance that we resemble you in the rest, we will look like you in that.If a Jew wrong a Christian, what is his quietude? Retribution. In the event that a Christian wrong a Jew, what should his fortitude be by Christian model? Why, vengeance! (3:1: 52)† Therefore, it is Shylock’s human instinct that drives him to detes t Christians, not in view of their strict convictions straightforwardly, but since of their contempt of him just on account of his strict convictions. Shylock guards his mankind by demonstrating the Christians that they are the same as the Jews they treat with such disrespect.Shylock has a longing for retribution, which further adapts him and associates him with Antonio. As a result of Shakespeare’s selection of words, he persuades that he is an enemy of Semitic. Be that as it may, a more critical gander at how Shakespeare shapes the play outlines a more profound themeâ€that individuals are individuals, regardless of their religion, race, or convictions. Shylock doesn’t preform his activities since he is a Jew, he is essentially mean on account of the manner in which different characters treat him. Shylock says, â€Å"I have made a solemn vow that I will have my bond.Thou call’dst me hound before thou hadst a reason, But since I am a canine, be careful my te eth. † Shylock's activities are supported due to the manner in which different characters treat him. . Christian retribution is run of the mill; thusly, Jewish vengeance can’t be blamed. While Shylock is mean due to the barbarous treatment he has gotten for an incredible duration, Antonio has no reason. Shylock causes you to understand that while Shakespeare may give the appearance that he is an enemy of Semitist, he truly accepts that all individuals are equivalent and scorn is universal.At the day's end, Shakespeare demonstrates that it is Shylock’s humankind that makes him simply like every other person. He shows that the contentions in The Merchant of Venice may begin due to strict contrasts; notwithstanding, the real message is all the more how the craving for vengeance is something all individuals share for all intents and purpose, regardless of some other contrasts in their lives. Shylock challenges the generalizations given to him in the start of the book and makes a mind boggling character whose conduct is legitimized on account of the manner in which different characters treat him.The Merchant of Venice shows that no scholars must be limited by the preferences of their time. While Shakespeare presumably never met a Jew in the course of his life, he demonstrated that religion doesn’t characterize who an individual is. A few people may contend that since Shakespeare gives Shylock the cliché Jewish attributes, he is clearly hostile to Semitic. In any case, Shakespeare demonstrates through Shylock that his aim wasn’t to underline hostile to Semitism, yet to show that all individuals have both great and terrible sides to them.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Alike or Different Essay Example for Free

The same or Different Essay We can attempt to change ourselves, by changing our appearance, putting on cosmetics, wearing diverse garments, adornments, and so on. Yet, it’s an instance of appearance, yet it likewise includes the individual underneath that veil everybody attempts to hole up behind. No one has ever attempted to take a gander at the individual underneath before making a decision about them. It’s just self image that disrupts the general flow. What will the outcome be when individuals are deprived of every one of their adornments, when that veil is expelled? What we get is a rollercoaster of feelings. Things that individuals can never figure are covered up underneath. Furthermore, that’s one more similitude, which makes mixed up judgment likewise put into account. Emotions are likewise something to take a gander at. For instance, individuals do get glad, irate and pitiful in various circumstances, however everybody despite everything gets those feelings now and again, paying little heed to reason. Also, everybody experiences a similar life cycle, how they’re conceived, go to youngsters, at that point the high school, center maturing comes after, at that point being old, lastly demise. Everybody will confront passing sometime in the future. Furthermore, everybody is made by God, and made of similar materials, as some accept. Everybody eats and inhales, everybody has the five detects, it's not possible for anyone to live without a crucial organ, and nobody can have otherworldly powers. Furthermore, these are for the most part likenesses. * much more individuals don’t put stock in that maxim, they accept that individuals contrast in a great deal of things, and the things that they share for all intents and purpose with others can be taken a gander at from an alternate point, having them into another effect. For instance, everybody is an individual, yet everybody is an alternate sort of individual, contingent upon character, looks, and capacities. What's more, the way that everybody has a fantasy that will be satisfied can likewise be a distinction, similar to everybody has an alternate dream and an alternate objective for what's to come. Concerning the life, everybody has an actual existence, yet it relies upon how they live it, and how everybody utilizes it that has any kind of effect. In addition, a few people are destined to have the character to be acceptable pioneers, and others have the force and will to buckle down in what they’re great at, while others don’t treasure their capacities, and rather they use it to their benefit, to show signs of improvement out of things, while they cause hurt to every other person around them. That’s a case of being and not having the option to be a valuable individual, to not utilize life astutely, and another way why individuals are unique. Some accept that individuals contrast by they way they look (both outwardly and within), how they respond to things around them, their character, convictions, morals and religions. What can likewise consider a distinction is the means by which everybody is raised, what they’re instructed to accept, where and when they were conceived and who they lived with. Individuals regularly receive propensities from those they live with, which can now and again be acceptable, and once in a while be awful. That can make a great deal of contrasts contrasted with somebody who was brought into the world rich, lived rich, and kicked the bucket rich. Another perspective on is people’s appearance. A few people truly care about what they look like, and consistently attempt to put their best self forward now and again. Some wouldn’t really think about that subject. Some consideration, yet not really. Furthermore, that’s identified with both character and physical appearance. Language spoken is additionally a distinction. What's more, the way that a few of us can accomplish something that others can’t, which comes down to capacity. Moreover now and then individuals have inabilities that others don’t have. Now and then there are ailments and ailments that run in families, and some acquire that malady and some don’t, which is another distinction. On the off chance that we attempt and rundown these distinctions they won't have an end, and simply thinking would take long as well. So it’s not an instance of what is the equivalent and what can be extraordinary, it’s exactly how individuals think about things in their own perspective. So paying little heed to what there is that can be utilized as a contention, and anyway we think the ones who think the inverse aren't right, and regardless of which point we use take a gander at things, everything returns to assessment, and sentiments are significant. Furthermore, my supposition remains the equivalent, however shouldn't something be said about yours? What's more, what’s progressively significant is to motivation behind why we take a gander at things starting there of view, and on the off chance that we truly are as a rule reasonable, or in the event that we are simply passing judgment on others by what we consider them, and how we consider them. Furthermore, above all, would we say we are truly being reasonable, or do we simply think we are?

Friday, August 21, 2020

How to Write MBA Essays That Will Help Your Grades

How to Write MBA Essays That Will Help Your GradesMost people who start to write MBA essays are expecting them to be easy and simple. After all, the purpose of them is to help students in gaining a better understanding of their own performance in the course. This article will look at the best ways on how to write MBA essays that will allow you to get an efficient grade in the course.The first thing that you need to do is to make sure that your essay is factual. This means that you need to make sure that all information that you are giving are to be verifiable. In addition, you also need to make sure that the content of your essay is based on facts. This is very important if you want to be able to earn an excellent grade in the course.Another important factor that you need to consider is the quality of the essay. You need to make sure that your essay has proper grammar and also correctly aligned prose. Also, it is important that you use clear and concise words so that the reader can e asily understand what you are trying to convey.It is also important that you make sure that you read up on the topic. Reading up on the topic will help you make sure that you are able to accurately represent what you are trying to say in your essay. This also ensures that the material that you are presenting is completely understandable by your readers.Make sure that you also pay attention to the sentence structure of your essay. You also need to make sure that the structure of your essay is well-defined. Some people tend to put too much information in their essay, which results in the sentence structure being confusing. It is therefore important that you make sure that you organize your essay effectively so that it will be easy for you to read.One final tip that you need to consider is that you make sure that your writing style is clearly expressed. You also need to make sure that your writing style is free from slang and jargon. It is also important that you make sure that you avo id the use of false statements, which will also lead to your grade getting reduced.Finally, you need to make sure that you proofread your essay before submitting it to your instructor. Many students think that they can just submit their essays with no proofreading. However, this is not the case, as you need to make sure that you proofread your essay. Also, make sure that you carefully read through the material before you submit it.These are just some of the tips that you need to make sure that you follow when you are writing MBA essays. With a little bit of practice, you will soon be able to write MBA essays that are effective and which can help you to get an excellent grade in the course. However, this is not something that you need to expect overnight, as you need to make sure that you always keep a positive attitude towards writing.

Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Essay on Social Aspect of Substance Abuse - 1001 Words

Addiction is a difficult disease that involves several different factors including biological, psychological and sociological aspects. Anderson (1997) states that substance use refers generally to the ingestion of illicit drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, opiates, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, PCP, amphetamines, etc. The use of illicit drugs, such as alcohol and nicotine, are less frequently included in this definition, despite their widespread use and undisputed potential for harm. Substance abuse, however, is a more value-laden term which implies substance use, probably over time, which is somehow detrimental or harmful. Thus, substance use need not constitute substance abuse, although they often coexist. Wormer, Davis (2010) indicates†¦show more content†¦This can be used as the stepping stone to better understanding the undertaking that the counselor will have to overcome. The social aspect is critical for a number of reasons. One reason is that as the foundation of the disability rights and independent living movement, the individual control has become a major issue. People with alcohol and drug addictions know their situations best and given the proper resources can make the best decisions about they need. The individual control, however, has been compromised in those situations in which people cannot make the best decision for themselves. In these cases, parents, and relatives have to step in and assume the responsibility. In some situations a medical or clinician has to assume the responsibility concerning the needs to the individual with the alcohol and drug addictions. The client has to understand that enabling is inherent part of alcohol and drug addictions. The family members that are constantly enabling the client are causing severe problems also. Sociocultural Factors Wormer, Davis (2010) states social/economic and cultural factors are a potent force in the development of alcohol and drug misuse, the ability to get and receive help, and the availability of supports for a recovery process. No culture is free from alcohol and drug addiction it is a disease that affects all cultures. In the African AmericanShow MoreRelatedAlcohol And Substance Abuse : An Individual Behavior That Reflects Underlying Dysfunction921 Words   |  4 Pagesseeking behaviours and Substance use is an individual behavior that reflects underlying dysfunction in the family (Klagsbrun Davis, 1977; Stanton et al., 1982). Many researchers consider that the family has a crucial role in preventing delinquent behaviors and behaviors related to substance abuse. The quality of parenting has been linked to psychological well-being, stress and social support. It was also found to be a predictor of antisocial behaviors and substance abuse (Velleman, Templeton Read MoreSubstance Use An d Substance Abuse1269 Words   |  6 Pages1. Describe your understanding of â€Å"substance use† versus â€Å"substance abuse† and why these concepts should be of concern for child welfare workers (Chapter 6)? Substance use and substance abuse is hazard for anyone associated with the issue. However, it is life changing ordeal for children who life decisions are made by individuals who is suffering from either of these problems. Nonetheless, to understand the severity of substance abuse and substance use is to define each issue and the role it playsRead MoreAlcohol Abuse and Alcohol Anonimus Essay708 Words   |  3 PagesAlcohol Abuse is part of disorder that affects many people throughout the world. Many are aware of the issues the disorder can bring not just on the victim, but also to the people that surround the person with the psychological problem. 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Substance abuse social workers assess and treat individuals with substance abuse problems, which includeRead MoreSubstance Abuse Counselors Should Follow The Four Ethical Principles1181 Words   |  5 Pageswhich include: hiring competent substance abuse counselors, effective assessing guidelines, appropriate Evidenced Based Treatment Plans, case management services, programs for Change, family services, and promoting prevention programs. The treatment program being designed will offer a warm and inviting atmosphere that welcomes all clients. Hiring competent substance abuse counselors will be beneficial for designing a successful treatment program. The substance abuse counselors will be unbiased, knowledgeableRead MoreThe Mission Of The Hope House1481 Words   |  6 Pagesthat suffer from substance abuse and dependency a safe local recovery home that provides support and guidance in obtaining and maintaining sobriety, which will require the program to access and implement several assets. â€Å"According to the field of community psychology, many of the most complex and intransigent social and community problems can be transformed by the recognition, appreciation, and utilization of the assets and inner resources that already exist within those social settings† (Jason,Read MoreEssay Drug Abuse and Mental Health 1194 Words   |  5 PagesSubstance abuse complicates almost every aspect of care for the person with a mental disorder. When drugs enter the brain, they can interrupt the work and actually change how th e brain performs its jobs; these changes are what lead to compulsive drug use. Drug abuse plays a major role when concerning mental health. It is very difficult for these individuals to engage in treatment. Diagnosis for a treatment is difficult because it takes time to disengage the interacting effects of substance abuseRead MoreSubstance Abuse That The Np Should Discuss With Mr. Hr And His Girlfriend?759 Words   |  4 Pages5. Discuss one main issue of substance abuse that the NP should discuss with Mr. HR and his girlfriend?(15pts) Answer: Relapse is defined a person who returns to a certain behavior that he/she had stopped doing that for a certain period. Commonly, these behaviors include to use the alcohol, cigarette and substance abuse. Patients with anxiety and shame have higher chance to get into remission condition because they tend to use these substances to relieve their pain, shame and anxiety. Mr. HR just

Friday, May 15, 2020

Essay on Benjamin Franklins Autobiography - 1429 Words

ESSAY ON BEN FRANKLIN’S AUTOBIOGRAPHY Benjamin Franklin’s Autobiography is an inspiring tale of his personal, as well as public achievement throughout his life. Franklin’s life embodies the exemplary model of a life composed of discipline, self-reliance and self improvement. From his humble beginnings as an apprentice candle and soap maker in his father’s business to a successful business man, author, philosopher, civil activist, politician scientist, inventor, and diplomat, above all Benjamin Franklin was, and still is, an American Icon and truly a pioneer of the American Dream. Dr. Franklin made it a point in his autobiography to detail his life as a young man. The youngest of thirteen children, his father was unable to afford†¦show more content†¦As a child attending grammar-school he had been moved to the head of the class and ultimately being skipped to a higher grade. Later as an apprentice in his brother’s printing-house he states In little time I made great proficiency in the business, and became a useful hand to my brother Franklin sites a strong work ethic throughout his autobiography as a means of advancement in life. At 17 years of age, he ran away to New York and the first thing he did was to seek suitable employment. After experiencing many a hardship Franklin remained resolved and finally established himself in Philadelphia were he found work and much favor with whomever he acquainted himself with. He firmly was against wasting time on frivolous activities and encouraged the reader to mind their business and be industrious in all things. This too was a practice he implemented his whole life and was the reason he was rewarded on several occasions with better opportunities and advancement in business. Franklin also gave many examples to the reader of his autobiography to practice diligence in minding the company they keep and gave much advice about keeping away from questionable establishments and having nothing to do with scoundrels. He made points to make friendships with people that were of good reputation, men who as himself had interest in education and industry and in his youth many older men whose advice he regarded before many life alteringShow MoreRelated Benjamin Franklins Autobiography Essay1124 Words   |  5 Pages In Benjamin Franklin’s Autobiography, Samuel Keimer is a character who represents the antithesis of Franklin. The development of Keimer not only improves the reader’s understanding of the minor character, but also of Franklin, the major character. Franklin makes a point of showing the reader each of Keimer’s faults and contrasting them with his own merits.When Keimer is first introduced to the reader, he is in very much the same circu mstances as Franklin; they are two young men trying to make aRead MoreEssay Benjamin Franklins Autobiography 1120 Words   |  5 PagesIt was the year 1706 in Boston, MA when Benjamin Franklin entered the world. Birthed after fourteen other siblings, Franklins family structure is only one deciding factor in the way that this legendary tale pans out. A hero of American Revolution, this novel depicts 18th century realism accurately while logging Franklins personal conception on human nature and social community. Many look at Benjamin Franklins Autobiography as your typical rags to riches tale yet, the truth and falsehood throughoutRead MoreBenjamin Franklins Autobiography: the Role of Keimer Essay1156 Words   |  5 PagesIn Benjamin Franklins Autobiography, Samuel Keimer is a character who represents the antithesis of Franklin. The development of Keimer not only improves the readers understanding of the minor character, but also of Franklin, the major character. Franklin makes a p oint of showing the reader each of Keimers faults and contrasting them with his own merits.brbrWhen Keimer is first introduced to the reader, he is in very much the same circumstances as Franklin; they are two young men trying toRead MoreBenjamin Franklin Essay894 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION Benjamin Franklin was born in Milk Street, Boston on January 6, 1706. Throughout his existence Franklin exemplified a life of self-improvement. His eagerness to improve himself trickled over into his eagerness to help others improve themselves. Franklin was the youngest son of his father’s 17 children. Coming from such an enormous family, his education ended at the age of ten years old. At the age of twelve Franklin began to work alongside of his brother James. When the two of themRead MoreCriticism of Fordes Claim on Benjamin Franklins Autobiography1629 Words   |  7 PagesArgumentative Essay on Fordes claim on Benjamin Franklins autobiography Benjamin Franklins autobiography by Steven Fordes was compiled both as a template for the ancient Americans on how they should live and interact with one another in their society and a memoire to his son. The work was received and embraced by many around the world, Asians and Europeans inclusive. The work was also criticized for many reasons. In order to reach his aim or goal, Forde split the work into three distinct topics;Read MoreThe Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin Essay1063 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Autobiography, Benjamin Franklin recounts the many paramount experiences throughout his life that shaped him into great American figure he was known to be. On the opening page, Franklin reveals the book’s epistolary format by writing, â€Å"Dear Son,† going on to admit that he’s made some mistakes in the past and to recollect that past is a way to relive it. By divulging his desire to â€Å"change some sinister Accidents Events† (Franklin 3) the aut hor indicates how important it is for his son toRead MoreEssay on The Innovators of American Literature1066 Words   |  5 PagesThe Innovators of American Literature From their critical assessments on how to improve themselves and to the American public that they influenced by their writings, Jonathan Edwards and Benjamin Franklin illustrate American themes in their personal narratives that quintessentially make part of American Literature. Although they lived in different times during the early development of the United States of America and wrote for different purposes, they share common themes. Their influenceRead MoreEssay Benjamin Franklin Autobiography827 Words   |  4 PagesHoward-Pitney History 17A November 19, 2012 Essay B â€Å"And now I speak of thanking God, I desire with all Humility to acknowledge, that I owe the mentiond Happiness of my past Life to his kind Providence, which led me to the Means I usd and gave them Success.† (Franklin, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, 28) I chose this quote to open this essay because it’s one of the first things Franklin talks about when he takes over in his autobiography. It shows that he has a relationship with godRead MoreAnalysis Of Benjamin Franklin s God Helps Those Who Helps Themselves ``940 Words   |  4 PagesAutobiography Essay on Benjamin Franklin â€Å"God helps those who helps themselves† is a famous quote by Benjamin Franklin. He exemplifies this in The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. In this book, Franklin gives an account of his personal life to show others how he improved throughout his life. He first started writing the autobiography for his son, but eventually turn it into a story for others to imitate. He describes his life, virtues, and public service to others. The Autobiography opens withRead MoreMary Rowlandson and Benjamin Franklins Storied of Captivity Essay example552 Words   |  3 Pages Mary Rowlandson: A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson And Benjamin Franklin: The Autobiography ​Every literature story has an importance of a great leader or a survivor. There are apparent themes in this captivity narrative such as the doubt of life. The story of Mary Rowlandson and Benjamin Franklin wrote a narrative of their life experience and their adventure. They learn from the attack that no one is guaranteed life, and life can be short. There are clear

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Media Coverage on Occupy Wall Street Essay - 659 Words

In October of 2011, the media could no longer ignore the thousands of protesters camping in Zuccotti Park calling themselves Occupy Wall Street with their battle cry of â€Å"We are the 99 percent† (Gitlin 50). The social movement began to bring awareness on economic inequality in which 99 percent of the wealth was controlled by one percent of the population. The name Occupy Wall Street began because the protestors were occupying the space outside of Wall Street through setting up tents and refusing to leave the location (Gitlin 26). As more and more protestors flocked to the camps, the movement broadened its goals to include a wide variety of issues including agriculture, housing and student loans. Described as lacking any clear-cut goals for†¦show more content†¦Due to the scattered and non-hierarchical organization of Occupy Wall Street, it is unclear how many sexual assaults occurred in the Occupy camps. There is no official data from the camps and many women in t he camps decided to deal with the perpetrators on their own rather than reporting to the police. However, the actual number of assaults are not necessary for this research because the news media made this issue into a pressing concern and presented it as a crisis to the point where Occupy Wall Street released the statement â€Å"Transforming Harm Building Safety: Confronting Sexual Violence At Occupy Wall Street Beyond† about sexual assaults in the camp (www.occupywallst.org). The hype created by news outlets created an opening to explore the narrative of sexual assaults during the Occupy Wall Street protests. How the media covers sexual assaults creates serious implications for how society responds to sexual assault. Because individuals both receive and interpret knowledge from the media, the messages media shape help the public create informed opinions on social issues. Due to society taking mainstream news coverage to be objective and truthful, the messages society learns from news coverage of sexual assault have serious effects on survivors. These effects include how likely a survivor is to come forward with his or her assault, what people’s attitudes are about sexual assault and how the publicShow MoreRelatedThe Streets Of The New York Stock Exchange1236 Words   |  5 Pages Wall street is said to be the home of the New York Stock Exchange; the New York stock exchange the world’s largest stock exchange by total market capitalization according to Forbes magazine. Major exchange has had or has also their headquarters in the Wall Street area and this includes NASDA X, The New York Board of Trade, and New York Mercantile Exchange. The Occupy Wall Street movement is a global protest movement against Social and Economic inequality with the primary goal to make the economicRead MoreThe Occupy Wall Street Movement Essay1049 Words   |  5 Pages Occupy Wall Street has been called many things including: unfocused, ungrounded, and silly. Others coin it as â€Å"America’s first internet-era movement† (Rushkoff). In quintessence, Occupy Wall Street is a series of protests and demonstrations that oppose the influence that corporate greed has on American Democracy. The protestors manipulate marches and nonviolent demonstrations to express their dissatisfaction with the state of American Politics and economy. 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This is a shift in the way people exchange their information, now people are exposed to an abundance of daily information. It involves different levels of engagement by participants, facilitates enhanced speedRead MoreOccupy Wall Street1600 Words   |  7 PagesOccupy Wall Street BUS 309 February 4, 2013 Occupy Wall Street (OWS) is the name given to a protest movement that began on September 17, 2011 in Zuccotti Park, located in New York Citys Wall Street financial district. The Canadian group and magazine Adbusters initiated the call for protest with assistance from the Manhattan-based public relations firm Workhorse, who was well-known for its successful work on brands including Mercedes and Saks Fifth Avenue. The ensuing series of events helpedRead MoreOccupy Wall Street2846 Words   |  12 PagesAmerica (US) experienced a financial crisis which affected the rest of the world. Investment banks and Wall Street crashed. It left a good portion of US citizens in debt, unemployed, homeless, etc. As a result, Occupy Wall Street became a movement to demonstrate that the people have had enough and started protesting and voicing their opinions. In terms of globalization, the development of ‘Occupy’ movements have altered the notion of social movements to which it is not just about highlighting andRead MoreAnti Capitalism And Its Impact On Modern Society Essay1942 Words   |  8 Pagesminor anti-capitalism protests. Karl Marx and his concept of communism was an earlier anti-capitalist idea that he wanted to start a revolution with. In more modern times, there has been anti-capitalist movements like Occupy (with popular ones such as Occupy Wall Street). After Wall Street and most of the other places became unoccupied, it also seemed like anti-capitalism was over. Examples revolving around the current USA presidential election show otherwise. Depending on the results, anti-capitalismRead MoreThe Occupy Wall Street Movement1982 Words   |  8 PagesThe Occupy Movement is an international activist movement that fosters social and economic change and originated from the actions of the Occupy Wall Street movement (source #7). The focus is on the Occupy Wall Street movement that was launched on September 17th 2011 and was catalysed by Adbusters activist Mica h White. White created a web page about the corruption that was happening surrounding the financial crisis in the United States leading to the most recent recession. Large corporations basedRead MoreOccupy Wall Street (OWS) Essay2453 Words   |  10 Pagesthe entire world. For it was in Zuccotti Park where Occupy Wall Street (OWS), a movement in which protestors â€Å"occupy† public spaces 24/7 to bring awareness to their cause, began. This movement started as a way to bring awareness to grievances the protestors had with the actions, and the government’s response to those actions, of Wall Street banks and financial institutions before, during, and after the financial crisis in America. Occupy Wall Street has since spread to hundreds of cities around theRead MoreHow Media Frame Shape Their Framing When Reporting On Domestic Versus International Protests? Essay2050 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction The framing techniques that media utilizes can be telling of the source of the reporting and can also be beneficial in discerning public opinion on domestic and foreign affairs. What the media reports on as well as how they present their reports are often consistent with their host countries interests, but it is my belief that differences occur when reporting on similar issues in foreign countries. The goal of this research is to discover how media frame stories differently with respect

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Herzberg Theory of Motivation and Expectancy Theory of Motivation

Question: Briefly Explain and apply Herzbergs theory of Motivation to help Shirley. Answer: Introduction The report will discuss in detail about the case where a manager named Shirley Henderson has got promotion recently and is facing problems with one of the guy. Tony is the efficient employee. However, he is not doing his work for some reasons like he found his work boring and thinks that he doesn't have a say in work. In other words, he just has to follow the order given by Shirley. The report will discuss the situation with the help of two theories, Herzberg's theory of motivation and expectancy theory of motivation. Herzbergs theory of motivation This theory is based on certain features of work, and they are consistently associated with the elements like job satisfaction, and other factors are related to dissatisfaction with a job (Pepper and Gore, 2015). These factors are mentioned below: - Factors related to satisfaction: - Accountability or responsibility Recognition Accomplishment Work Development Factors for dissatisfaction Polices of the organization Extra supervision Association with the peers and supervisors (Pepper and Gore, 2015) Current work conditions Status Safety or security Salary or remuneration It can be concluded that factors associated with the two elements discussed above are not in complete contrast. It is important to understand the opposite of satisfaction is called as no satisfaction and on the other hand opposite of dissatisfaction is called as no dissatisfaction (Miner, 2015). Job factors are divided into two categories discussed as below: - Hygiene factors: these are those factors that are crucial for the very existence of the motivation for the organization. These factors never lead to positive kind of satisfaction for a long run. However, these factors are not present at the organization and in this case, this will lead to dissatisfaction. Therefore, these factors are crucial for the job and work culture. Such factors are also extrinsic by nature. These factors can also be termed as dissatisfying factors as it needs to ignore dissatisfaction based factors (Nuttin, 2014). Motivation factors: as per theory, hygiene factors cannot be called as motivators. The factors must help in earning the positive level of satisfaction. Such factors are quite inherent towards the work, and these factors encourage the employees for a higher level of performance, and this is called as satisfiers. Understand the reasons for Tonys behavior The above explanation explains that the fact is the main reason of dissatisfaction will not have the capacity to create any dissatisfaction. It will also not add any features associated with job satisfaction can decrease or diminish the level of job dissatisfaction. When any company has the hostile work culture, promotion or appraisal will not make much difference in the attitude (Nuttin, 2014). It is important to create healthy work culture however at the same time, do not provide members of the team with any factor based on satisfaction and the work that they are doing will not make any difference in the level of satisfaction. Therefore, the same kind of situation happened in the case where Tony was not interested in the work because of the work culture which was impacting his level of motivation to perform better despite job satisfaction and good salary package. The work was losing the thrill to play and work efficiently to affect the performance of the organization (Taylor, 2014) . Advise Shirley how to motivate Tony Here, it is important for Shirley to keep pay structure in right manner and it should be equal as well as competitive to those elements which are in similar kind of domain. Then there are some policies in a company that must not be too strict or rigid. It is important that they are clear as well as fair. The working hours should be flexible, right dress code, vacations, and breaks (Taylor, 2014). Tony is high performing employee, so he must be offered a number of plans like health care, advantages for the members of the family and many employee help programs. The work culture must be clean, safe and in a proper manner. The work tools must be timely updated and maintained in the right manner. Also, the status of the employees in the company must be well retained and must be familiar. The association with the employees with the peers as well as supervisors must be acceptable, and there must be no flight element (Drnyei and Ushioda, 2013). In this case, recognition holds a lot of importance where Tony must be praised for the good work and also must be provided with some achievement by the managers. He must also have a sense of accomplishment, and this depends on the work. Tony must also be provided with opportunities based on development and advancement at work in a company to encourage the employees to work better. The workforce should hold themselves accountable for the labour and Shirley should give then an ownership to work and also reduce the overall control but at the same time retain some level of responsibility (L?z?roiu, 2015). Expectancy theory of motivation Other methods are based on the association between the needs internally and the outcome efforts that are expanded to fulfill those needs, but in this theory, the efforts are completely separated which give rise from motivation to results and performance. The expectancy theory is based on the assumption that the outcome of behavior from many conscious alternatives are among the other choices where the motive is to increase the pleasure and reduce the overall pain. Also, the author realized that the performance of the employee is based on many single factors like skills, personality, abilities and much more (L?z?roiu, 2015). He also discussed that the performance, efforts, and motivation are related to the motivation at a personal level, and one must also utilize different components like Valence, Expectancy and Instrumentality for the same. Expectancy is based on the belief that rise in the efforts will lead to a rising in performance and one has to work harder to be better. This can be done with the help of a number of methods like having right kind of resources that are present, having right kind of skill set to perform and having all necessary support system to get the work done. While instrumentality is a belief that if an employee performs well that an appreciated result will be accomplished. The level to which an initial level based results will lead to the second level of results. This factor is affected by clarity in understanding the relationship exist between the results and the performance, trusting people who will take right kind of decisions on who achieve the results and transparency in the process that helps in determining who get the results. In the end, valence is crucial that the particular places are based on expected results (Barron and Hulleman, 2015). To have a positive valence, the person should p refer accomplishing the results not to achieve it. For instance, if money motivates anyone, he might not value offers to the additional amount of time off. The elements in valence are efforts based performance expectancy and performance based result expectancy. Understand the reasons for Tonys behavior Like the theory is based on perceptions. Similarly, in the case, Shirley thinks that she has provided everything right to motivate and even if the work with many people in the organization, it never means that someone will not perceive that it will not work for them. Shirley failed to understand that what Tony wants in reward for doing a good work and whether there will be a belief more on the work that will lead to a particular reward (Barron and Hulleman, 2015). Advise Shirley how to motivate Tony Tony is expecting something in return where he will perform to get some recognition and Shirley must do exactly that. She must put more efforts in encouraging his spirit and make work more exciting for him by throwing more challenges at him. It is important to make some associations with people towards some expected results, and the overall contribution must be based on making positive results (Magidson et al., 2014). Conclusion To increase the performance and positive results, managers must use a system that can tie the reward closely with the overall performance. Shirley also requires making sure, that they are rewarded appropriately and are deserved and wanted by the employees. This is mainly to improve the efforts based on performance tie (Magidson et al., 2014). To improve the overall tie between efforts and performance, she must engage employees like Tony in training to develop their capacities and also improve the belief that extra efforts will lead to improvement in performance. Reference Barron, K.E. and Hulleman, C.S., (2015). Expectancy-value-cost model of motivation.International encyclopedia of social and behavioral sciences, pp.261-271. Drnyei, Zand Ushioda, E., (2013).Teaching and researching: Motivation. Routledge. L?z?roiu, G., (2015). Work Motivation and Organizational Behavior.Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice, (2), pp.66-75. Magidson, J.F., Roberts, B.W., Collado-Rodriguez, A. and Lejuez, C.W., (2014). Theory-driven intervention for changing personality: Expectancy value theory, behavioral activation, and conscientiousness.Developmental psychology,50(5), p.1442. Miner, J.B., (2015).Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Nuttin, J., (2014).Future time perspective and motivation: Theory and research method. Psychology Press. Pepper, A. and Gore, J., (2015). Behavioral agency theory: New foundations for theorizing about executive compensation.Journal of management,41(4), pp.1045-1068. Taylor, S., (2014).Anxiety sensitivity: Theory, research, and treatment of the fear of anxiety. Routledge

Sunday, April 12, 2020

3M an Innovative Organisation

Main factors that make 3M an innovative organisation The 3M story is a story of innovation that transformed failure into success. It also is a story of well-motivated individuals who knew how to create original ideas and make them commercial products customers need.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on 3M: an Innovative Organisation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Innovation is the life-blood of 3M. The people behind the organisation are innovative from the very start. They were five businessmen who didn’t recognise the meaning of failure. From the start, they knew they had to apply innovations because as they decided to dig deeper into the realm of business, they had to encounter difficulties. They didn’t find the right ore mine for their product; instead they found something else. The founders were looking for a mineral deposit so that they could process it and make it their primary product. But the mineral ore proved to be zero, or perhaps a sham, a wrong information that the original founders may have gotten into. They could have surrendered, put their cards on the table or inform the shareholders and the other stakeholders that to continue would mean more losses for the company. So, it was better that they pack up early, go their own separate ways, start anew and spend or divide what was left of their money. But they did not surrender. They did not translate failure into despair; instead they looked for other ways to find new product or new business for their struggling new company. Failure motivated the young founders of 3M to be creative and innovative, slowly allowing the small organisation to move, to survive for years until it grew into a global organisation, becoming a hundred-year-old company now experienced in the art of business. The company now manufactures products like sandpaper, fibre optic cables, commercial and industrial products, health care products, an d has focused on customer needs. With creative ideas and new technological inventions from a pool of creative people, the company now owns hundred of patents and intellectual property rights. Among these patents are the Scotch-Briteâ„ ¢ and Post-it ®, as well as other brands and logos attributed to the company. (3M company information: history 2012) 3M allows employees to have occasional interaction with people of different cultures. Challenges and difficulties come along with the opportunity. These difficulties range from adjustment to and learning with the new culture which is far distinct from the native culture. Performance is affected when employees fail to adjust with the new culture. Trainings and seminars (on-the-job trainings) are compulsory preparations. This includes cross-cultural training and knowing the unexpected. Discuss another innovative application or product of a different organisation and state why this product is successful An example of a product that is considered innovative and successful is the hybrid car Prius invented by Toyota. It is actually an electric car which runs on gasoline and electricity.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As we know Toyota has introduced the concept of kaizen and kanban. These are Japanese terms introduced in Japanese management. Kaizen means improvement that is continuous and gradually introduced. Kanban refers to the process in production where some steps are changed or modified to provide more innovations in production and to avoid unnecessary functions. (Lynch 2008, p. 773) Toyota used these methods in the manufacture of the hybrid car Prius. Toyota has manufactured millions of cars but the production of Prius consolidated all expert ways of car production and Toyota’s pool of engineers and technicians. The making of Prius enabled the Toyota management team to introduce tradition al and innovative technique never before introduced in car production. But it tarnished a little of Toyota’s image as a hybrid manufacturer because of some defects in the brake pedals which forced the company to withdraw millions of cars worldwide. But Toyota maintains that they had tested Prius many times and introduced quality management before it was made commercially viable to the public. Prius is the first hybrid project that really caught the eyes of the world, and when Toyota said that it is the car of the 21st century, management was sure they were telling the truth. (Ichijo Kohlbacher 2008, p. 174) Prius as the car of the future started from a mere idea and innovation of other Toyota cars to a contribution of inputs and expert knowledge from the organization’s database and expertise of Toyota engineers. How it failed is not a question here, but how it succeeded at first is what is significant. Prius was a promise fulfilled by Toyota to help reduce materials d etrimental to the environment and to see to it that manufacturing plants are environmentally friendly. Toyota’s decision to push through with the Prius project was motivated by their desire to help in minimizing global warming, thus the need for low-emission vehicles. It gave Toyota an opportunity to break old technical systems with revolutionary, environmentally friendly technologies. It had long worked to reduce emissions in internal combustion engines. Toyota has been into the program of Zero Emission Vehicle, and one of Prius’s features is its being fuel efficient. (Dyer Nobeoka 2000, p. 345) Prius engineering program is done almost entirely in-house, but it is a radical innovation. It was then mass produced – the first hybrid car to be mass-produced. Before the complaints and problems surfaced, Prius proved the practicality of hybrid cars. Toyota’s Electronic Vehicle Development Department started the systematic study of the hybrid system, combining an engine and a motor.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on 3M: an Innovative Organisation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This technique of imbedding knowledge in a product yielded economic returns and internal knowledge for the company technicians and engineers, while only utilizing external knowledge later. Toyota did not anticipate that a problem as simple as the brake pedals would tarnish its reputation. There is the presence of the success curse in a company that has enjoyed continued successes right from the start. The importance of the commercialisation process for innovative organisations like 3M The company encourages continuous flow of ideas. People at 3M don’t hold their ideas to their own but instead allow the company to take hold of their ideas, put these ideas to work, make them concrete and real turning them into products. The next step is to allow a brief trial-and-error and test if a p rototype is possible. Prototyping is one of the initial steps into commercializing one’s idea. One can imagine that a prototype at last is proof that an idea can be turned into a product. So, before while imagination and creativity were the only ones involved now success in turning that idea into a commercialized product is nearing its fruition. Before manufacturing that product, all possible scenarios, advantages and disadvantages, and unseen loopholes should be taken into consideration so that making the product a success will finally become a reality. Then, by all means manufacture that product, the fruit of the team’s efforts, of brainstorming and discussion, of countless sleepless nights, and so forth. At 3M, a product is always the result of quality innovations. This product is applied with total quality management, continuous innovation and best practice. Sophisticated tools and technology are used along the arduous task of making the product meet customers†™ requirements. Marketing the product is another thing but it is one of those challenges 3M people are adept and do not take for granted. The product is applied with the necessary marketing mix such as product, price, place, and promotion. Creative employees have added the fifth P which is people. These are applied and executed at 3M, but 3M people have not forgotten the traditional parts of the marketing mix which are advertising, personal selling, public relations and sales promotion. These are marketing activities that have to be executed by the marketer and his/her team in order to introduce the new product.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Marketing research on experience focuses on what the customer wants. Benefits are in the form of satisfaction and customer experience of the product. Consumer behaviour for example has three aspects which are: creation of information, behavioural concept theory, and consumer attitude theory. These concepts provide consumer insight on consumer experience. (Schmitt 2010, p. 55) Supply chain goes with the demand chain in order to see to it that complexities in the market are properly addressed. Demand chain points to a network of trading partners which include manufacturers and end users. It is also linked to the customers who have to be consulted on the product quality. It starts with the manufacturer, goes to the customer or end user but has to link back to the manufacturer because the customers’ ideas and opinion regarding the product are significant. In a research conducted by Edward Morash and Daniel Lynch (cited in Jobber and Lancaster, 2003, p. 15), in which they involved surveys on global capabilities and performance measurement practices, they found that customer closeness is important in the new global setting. The research found that some supply chains are also experimenting with mass customization, which is a strategy that combines operational excellence with customer closeness. A key performance indicator (KPI) is often used to measure the success of a certain activity in an organization. Write an essay to discuss the importance of KPI to organizations. Support your answers with examples of real organizations and from various business functions. A key performance indicator is a measure indicating how an organisation scored on a particular part of its performance. A KPI represents an organisation’s success on a specific objective. In other words, when an organisation measures its overall performance, it identifies several success factors that comprise organisational objectives. A KPI is usually expressed in numbers or percentages. (Burby Atchison 2007, p. 75) A KPI can be defined in many ways in accordance with the organisation’s type of business, or activities and products. For instance, an organisation which is non-profit and whose objective is to provide aid to poor individuals and communities, its KPI is measured on the amount of aid, financial or in kind, to individuals and entities. A KPI is a basis for an organisation’s future goals and projects. If an organisation does not have a measured KPI, it cannot tell how it has attained its goals. There are organisations that used many KPIs in their various businesses, products, or activities. A KPI is very important because it indicates how successful an organisation’s business is and how it scores in the different organisational activities. A KPI is a measurement of what has been done in business or organisation. KPIs tell about the organisation’s goals and objectives. They are measured on a regular basis and not just once. Members of the organisation contribute to the creation of KPIs and agree on their significance. An aspiring entrepreneur who sells appliances measures his KPI by the number of appliances sold for a month. He can accompany this with a short survey asking customer opinion why they preferred the particular appliances. The KPI survey will determine the entrepreneur’s decision in his next requisition from the appliance supplier. Another important thing is that a KPI must be timely so that employees and decision makers know what to do. If it is a late KPI, it is useless. For instance, a KPI is needed on how a product will be introduced to a certain market segment. If the results are not immediately known, competitors will enter the scene and beat the organisation on this aspect of business. (Parmenter 2007, p. 151) An organisation conducts KPI to determine the financial viability of a certain project, whether the operation has increased the revenue, or whether it has higher profit. Internal a ctivities in an organisation also need KPIs or performance measurement to determine the effectiveness of some functions, like knowledge sharing. Knowledge sharing as best practice cannot be easily attained. There are barriers to this kind of HRM exercise. Szulanski (1996) termed it the internal stickiness within the firm. Organisations apply and transfer best practice among themselves, or within the firm, but barriers impede the transfer of knowledge from people to people, from department to department, or from branch to branch. Experiences of some organisations like General Motors, IBM, and others, proved that it is not easy to transfer knowledge as best practice. Internal stickiness has been seen as an important topic of study. A KPI is needed and applied to determine how effective is best practice introduced within the firm. (Groysberg, Nanda, Nohria 2005, p. 5) Technology giants conduct periodic KPIs to their volume of sales to determine whether profit increased for the period or whether their products satisfy customers. If sales have increased for the period, it means their product meet customer demands. For example, Nokia reported a decline of 7% in mobile phone sales in 2009. Apple’s iPhone and Research in Motion’s BlackBerry were leading in the competition, a major threat to Nokia. Google’s Android, the mobile operating system, also became a threat as it was gaining advantage in the market. Nokia’s profit on handsets fell by 18.6% during the second quarter of 2009, quite a big margin. But it remained to be seen because Nokia led in the high-volume of sale of cheap handsets and devices in the developing countries. (Reardon 2009, p. 1) Nokia had net sales of â‚ ¬40,984 million in 2009 compared to â‚ ¬50,710 million in 2008. It was also higher in 2007. The KPI data tell us that there has been a continuous shift in the volume of sales for Nokia. In 2010, with the appointment of Mr. Elop as the new CEO, Nokia began to make some improvement but not much. But it showed that the KPI for this period of transition enabled the company to make a decision and that is to appoint a new CEO. (Reardon 2009, p. 1) Nokia made a decision to introduce a new product series, the N-97 which is said to be a success although it could not really compete with the already popular Apple and RIM devices which are said to be growing favourites of the young demographic. (Reardon 2009, p. 2) Nokia hired Strategy Analytics to conduct KPI. According to the study, Nokia’s share in the global mobile phones sales had been maintained, or there was a wide control of 40.3 percent, a little down than the year 2008 which was 40.7 percent. In the United States, it lost its grip of the market – a big fall from 35 percent to 8.1 percent in April 2002. Apple, Samsung, and Research in Motion had the advantage. Their devices were more advanced than Nokia’s. (Reardon 2009, p. 3) The next year, Nokia had a rebound of 70 milli on Smartphones sold globally while Apple only had 33 million iPhones sold. The new CEO promised a new rise for Nokia from its slumber. Report for 2010 registered positive with sales in the fourth quarter reaching â‚ ¬12.7 billion. (Reardon 2009, p. 3) There are advantages brought about by the KPI results. This resulted in the selection of Mr. Elop as the new CEO. But Nokia’s experience in the Smartphone market was enhanced by the innovations its engineers introduced. Their biggest asset is Microsoft. Nokia and Microsoft naturally emerge as a formidable force in the mobile software. Google and Apple are major competitors. It was only in the United States market that Nokia lost by ten percent. But in the overall leadership of handsets, it had a 38 percent share of the market. Nokia failed to gain the support of four big U.S. phone manufacturers which account for the big bulk of phone sales in the country. Nokia is still the leader in the sale of low-cost cell phones worldwid e. Nokia has introduced innovative products and many of these are still with the company. With the new leadership of Mr. Elop, observers and analysts have commented that the products will surely come to life again. One of the products is the touch-screen handset which can be connected to the internet. (O’Brien 2010) Big and small organisations conduct periodic KPIs to determine market sentiments and market needs. As mentioned, there are many uses and advantages. Decision making is triggered by KPI results. Nokia needed a periodic KPI for its series of mobile products. Like the other competitors, it has a lot to catch up. And all these organisations need KPIs that can provide a brief and accurate background of the market. It can provide them a chart for important decision making. The Smartphone market is threatened by competing giants. The annual sales for this market are estimated at 400 million devices. Nokia has been telling the public that they are catching up with new pro ducts to beat Apple and Microsoft. Nokia has struggled in the Smartphone market and in the mobile software sales. Its profits had been reduced with the entry of the Android operating system, along with Apple and BlackBerry. Nokia needs a strong asset to make its hold in the Smartphone market and retain its lead once again. (Reardon 2009, p. 3) Nokia has produced the Ovi platform which is a service business and a new product, the Nokia Netbook. This kind of product needs regular KPI data, not just periodic, because it tells how the product has performed in the market and how the designated demographic has responded to the product. References Burby, J Atchison, S 2007, Actionable web analytics: using data to make smart business decisions, Wiley Publishing Inc., Indiana. Dyer, J Nobeoka, K 2000, ‘Creating and managing a high-performance knowledge-sharing network: the Toyota case’, Strategic Management Journal, Strat. Mgmt. J., 21: pp. 345-367, via City University London database. Groysberg, B, Nanda, A, Nohria, N 2005, ‘The risky business of hiring stars’, Harvard Business Review, July-August 2005, via City University London database. Ichijo, K Kohlbacher, F 2008, ‘Tapping tacit local knowledge in emerging markets – the Toyota way, Knowledge Management Research Practice (2008) 6, pp. 173-186, via https://www.palgrave.com/gp/journals Jobber, D Lancaster, G 2003, Selling and sales management (sixth edition), Pearson Education Limited, England. Lynch, R 2008, Strategic management, 5th edition, Financial Times/ Prentice Hall, USA. O’Brien, K 2010, Nokia’s new chief faces culture of complacency, https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/27/technology/27nokia.html?_r=1pagewanted=all Parmenter, D 2007, Key performance indicators: developing, implementing, and using winning KPIs, John Wiley Sons, Inc., New Jersey. Reardon, M 2009, ‘Nokia’s Smarphone problem’, Signal Strength – CNET News, 2009, v ia City University London database. Schmitt, B. 2010, ‘Experience marketing: concepts, frameworks and consumer insights’, Foundations and Trends ® in Marketing, vol. 5, no 2, pp 55-112, via City Universdity London database. Szulanski, G 1996, ‘Exploring internal stickiness: impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm’, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 17 (Winter Special Issue), 27-43, via City University London database. 3M company information: history 2012, https://www.3m.com/3M/en_US/company-us/about-3m/history/ This case study on 3M: an Innovative Organisation was written and submitted by user Mikayla Cline to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Wednesday, March 11, 2020

Social Issues The Effect of the Divorce on Children

Social Issues The Effect of the Divorce on Children Introduction The divorce is the issue, which goes beyond the boundaries of the problem of a single family. It is the issue, which touches upon the whole society and the future of the young generation. Undoubtedly, divorce makes an impact on children.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Social Issues: The Effect of the Divorce on Children specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it is arguable whether it is better for them to live in the family, in which parents always conflict with each other, or to live with one parent but in the calm atmosphere. The aim of this essay is to analyze the effect of divorce on children. The Opinions of Psychologists The problem of the effect of divorce on children is the sphere of interest of many scholars. The results of the recent research show that the boys are much more vulnerable to divorce than the girls. The scholars pay attention to the relationship between the age of the child and their perception of the parents’ divorce. It has been found that the girls in the age of 6 to 13 tend to perceive it most acutely (Palosaari Aro n.pag.). The research indicates to the depression as the consequence of parental divorce, which the children of this age group suffer most often. Also, this age group is prone to undertaking suicide attempts (Palosaari Aro, n.pag.). The scholars say that the boys tend to perceive the divorce much more acutely than the girls. They feel unhappy and despairing. At the same time, the scholars argue that the timing of the divorce is not the primary determinant of the children’s psychological problems. All of them experience moral trauma, regardless of age. However, the continuous conflict situations in the family also influence the children negatively. Many psychologists stress that divorce can be the way to make the life of both the parents and the children more harmonious and stable. That is why it may be much better for the children to live in a single parent family and do not experience the continuous emotional pressure. It is argued that the â€Å"children of parents who engage in overt, unresolved conflict are at risk for a variety of developmental and emotional problems† (Yu et al. n.pag.). Some other scholars argue that the reasons for the divorce of parents are also important for the future of the children.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More â€Å"The most startling finding was that children of low-conflict divorces are four times more likely to divorce than children who have seen their parents separate after a hostile and very possibly abusive or violent relationship† (Amato Taylor n.pag.). It is emotionally difficult and painful for children to realize that their parents have fallen out of love. It is this reason for the divorce, which makes the hardest mor al pressure on them and their future romantic relationships. Besides, quarrels between the parents and the negative expressions of one of them about another one undermine the family values. If one of the parents tries to incite the child against another parent, they facilitate the development of the cynical attitude of the child towards the relationships between the man and the woman. As a result, the children are often unwilling to create their own families when they grow up. The divorce of parents is the hard emotional burden for the children because they are used to see their mother and father together. They need them both. The world of the child is built with the support of their parents, and when they announce the divorce, the small world of the child ruins. The separation of family changes the life perception of children. It makes them rethink life and ethical values. Unfortunately, not all of them can find the right way and make the right choices in their lives. The relations hips between the children and their parents after the divorce are a distinct topic for the discussion. If it has been decided to leave the children with the mother, all their feelings are addressed to her. Sometimes, their relationships become even warmer and sometimes they worsen, because the children may feel themselves hurt by her. The results of the research show that the children of divorce have worse results at school, behave themselves aggressively towards their coevals, and are inclinable to run away from home.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Social Issues: The Effect of the Divorce on Children specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The psychologists and medical specialists have undertaken a series of research projects to find out whether the divorce of parents affects the infants. According to the results of their research, the infants are vulnerable to divorce as the elder children are. Even the infants in arms experience the psychological trauma caused by the separation of parents. At this period, they are very close to their mother and tend to be affected by her emotional stance. The infant in arms continues to be, so to say, the part of the body of their mother. If she suffers from the depression, the infant suffers it too. Such kind of psychological and emotional stance may lead even to the death of the infant. Also, the stressful situation may cause the loss of breast milk, which is so important for the children’s health and development. The psychologists claim that the divorce of parents is the sharp change in the way of life of both the adults and the children. The interruption of the ordinary family routine is, essentially, the reason for a shock in children (â€Å"Why Divorce Is So Hard† n.pag.). Furthermore, the decrease in economic welfare after the divorce is one of its consequences, which not only represents the budget constraints but also creates a diff icult moral environment. It should be noted that the divorce worsens the economic situation of the separated families very often. This means that the children get fewer opportunities to gain good education, to attend the lobby groups, and, ultimately, to realize themselves and to become successful. The scholars argue that parental quarrels, distress, and the stressful environment in the family increase the risk of the antisocial actions of children. In particular, they claim that the children of divorce are more inclined to drug taking, smoking, and alcohol drinking (Butler et al. 19). The Ways to Overcome the Consequences of the Divorce The divorce is the frequent social phenomenon nowadays. Undoubtedly, the Institute of divorce is important for people’s well-being. It gives them the opportunity to be the architects of their fortune. I guess the opportunity to get the divorce strengthens the institute of marriage. People have freedom in their choices and try to build strong relationships. However, sometimes, divorce is the way to solve the continuous conflict. Taking into account that it makes a significant influence on children, it is vital to know how to overcome its consequences. To make the â€Å"life journey† of children of divorce easier and happier, the society, the court, and the parents should take the responsibilities for mitigating its effects (â€Å"Divorce. American Style† n.pag.).Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are plenty of examples of the divorced couples, which have managed to reorganize their relationships in such a way that allows both parents to become involved in the process of their children upbringing, to remain friends to them, and to provide them the necessary parental support (Isaacs, Montalvo, Abelson 265). The divorce is the conscious step of the adults, and they should think about not only themselves but about their children as well. The parents must help them to cope with the consequences of their separation. The adults should talk to their children and to find the words to say, which will make them perceive this situation adequately. If the parents avoid the quarrels in the presence of their children, they already make a substantial contribution to the children’s emotional stability and help them to perceive the separation more easily. Also, the adults can find a lot of books developed for children of divorce. The reading of these stories to them will help the m comprehend the situation and to realize that their parents still love them and take care of them. The additional difficulties arise when one of the parents starts new relationships or gets married once again. It is very hard for children to understand that their mother and father have the right to create a new family and to become happy in their personal life. Many feels deprived of their love and care. The feelings of jealousy and soreness create conflict situations. That is why the parents must remain attentive to their children and to show that nothing can interfere with their relationships. Besides, the child may think that it is their fault that their parents are separated. In that case, the adults should show that the divorce has not made them enemies and that they will always be close to their child. The biggest mistake, which the parents make, is that they do not talk to their children. They mistakenly think that they are small enough to comprehend the situation. However, it is not so. In spite of the small age and insufficient life experience, they comprehend the situation intuitively and tend to make their judgments. The parents must be friends to them and try to discuss the problem, to ask their opinion, and to explain theirs. Conclusion To sum up, all the above mentioned, it should be said that divorce affects the children substantially. It puts the emotional and moral pressure on them, making them rethink the family values, to which they adhered before. The children tend to be prone to depression, apathy, or aggression. The children of divorce tend to run away from home. The attempts at committing suicide may also become the consequences of family separation. The boys are more vulnerable to divorce than girls. The most critical period is between 6 and 13 years old, but the divorce affects even the infants in arms. However, the separation of parents may be the only way to provide a calm environment for children. The divorced couples must be consc ientious and help their children to perceive the divorce easily. There are several ways to overcome the consequences of separation. Amato, Paul and Susanna Taylor. Mummy, Daddy, Please Stop Being So Nice to Each Other ; How Do You Minimise the Effect of Divorce on Children? by Letting Rip in Front of Them. Angela Neustatter on Why Its Better to Have Rows. The Independent. (2001):n.pag. Questia. Web.. Butler, Ian, Lesley Scanlan, Margaret Robinson, Gillian Douglas and Mervyn Murch. Divorcing Children: Childrens Experience of Their Parents Divorce. London: Jessica Kingsley, 2003. Print. â€Å"Divorce. American Style†. The Nation 271.18 (2000): n.pag. Questia. Web.. Isaacs, Marla Beth, Braulio Montalvo and D. Abelson. The Difficult Divorce: Therapy for Children and Families, New York: Basic Books, 1986. Print. Palosaari, Ulla and Hillevi Aro. Effect of Timing of Parental Divorce on the Vulnerability of Children to Depression in Young Adulthood. Adolescence 29.115 (1994): n.pa g. Questia. Web.. â€Å"Why Divorce Is So Hard on the Children.† Daily Mail. (1996):n.pag. Questia. Web.. Yu, Tianyi, Pettit, Greggory S., Lansford, Jennifer E., Dedge, Kenneth A. and John E. Bates. â€Å"The Interactive Effects of Marital Conflict and Divorce on Parent Adult Childrens Relationships. Journal of Marriage and Family 72.2 (2010): n.pag. Questia. Web.-11-19.

Sunday, February 23, 2020

Catalogue entry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Catalogue entry - Essay Example The colour of the stones was red earth because of a prolonged stay. For instance, during the later middle Ages: a church like the St. George was identifiable to the south with a nave wall. The walls of the church were painted on the upper side and a channel screen used was a beam of crested, moulded, and placed under the pew as a sill in the nave and chancel. In the 16th and 17th century, the chancel and nave painting were washed out and some new texts were painted on the lower walls. These texts included the commandments of their religion and the creed used in the nave that was later washed out. In the mid 17th century, a bar was placed on the spiritual union table by its three sides. The pew that included medieval equipments such as the beam that remained from the former chancel screen and a finial that was in the shape of a crude tulip was brought to the southern side of the chancel while facing the pulpit. In 1793, the pews on the chancel were three as the pulpit had two- deckers to the northeastern side of the nave that was lit by a square window opening that was enlarged to the north. This shows that the nave, pew and some carves that were placed to match the pu lpit were all initiated during this period. Architecture, Dumbarton Oaks Colloquium on the History of Landscape, and Michel Conan. 2006. Performance and appropriation: profane rituals in gardens and landscapes. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and

Friday, February 7, 2020

Account standardization, IFRS and US GAAP Essay

Account standardization, IFRS and US GAAP - Essay Example The general purpose of the financial statement is to be prepared in accordance with the international accounting standards. The need of the accounting standards emerges because auditors and financial analyst are generally confronted with problems of accounting like biasedness, misinterpretation, inaccuracy and ambiguity. To minimize these kinds of errors a set of accounting standards was developed which was universally accepted and recognized. Without these accounting standards each and every business entity had to develop their own business standards which would make it impossible to compare the financial information with other business organizations. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are accounting principles and standards formulated by the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) which is situated in London. These established accounting standards are ideally applicable equally to all the organizations worldwide. During 1973- 2000, the international accountin g standards were formulated by the predecessor organization of the IASB formerly known as International Accounting Committee (IAC) (Beke, 2011). Since April 2001, the accounting standards set by IASB are taken into consideration. ... A financial report of high and genuine quality improves their understanding and makes them better informed and also reduces their risk of trading (Beke, 2011) 3) IFRS helps in eliminating most of the financial adjustments that the financial analyst have made historically in order to make the company financial statements comparable internationally (Beke, 2011) 4) IFRS provides reduced information costs and information risk to potential investors (Beke, 2011). Before March, 2008 the US listed foreign issuers of securities were required to prepare financial statements with respect to the US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP) or include reconciliation to US GAAP as a part of the financial statement reporting (Liu, 2011). This step became a prerequisite in the United States of America (USA) because of lack of widely accepted high quality accounting standards. Most of the foreign institutional investors file their annual reports on form 20-F which incorporates reconciliatio n. This reconciliation is often viewed as an unnecessary and expensive step by the foreign issuers of security (Liu, 2011). The European Union, New York Stock Exchange and the American Stock Exchange have allowed the Securities Exchange Commission of USA to allow foreign companies to use the IFRS to list on the US stock markets without the reconciliation or compliance with the US GAAP accounting principles. This was done as IFRS is considered a high quality accounting standards although there are some significant differences between the IFRS and US GAAP accounting standards. However, the investors need to be informed the differences between the IFRS and US GAAP accounting standards for

Wednesday, January 29, 2020

Amazon Database Essay Example for Free

Amazon Database Essay Amazon.com is developing a system to gather and keep massive amounts of intimate information about its millions of shoppers, including their religion, sexual orientation, ethnicity and income. The database, which would combine information disclosed voluntarily by customers with facts gleaned from public databases, conceivably would give Amazon a larger or more detailed profile of its customers than any other retailer. The Seattle-based company, with 59 million active customers, said it has no immediate plan to implement such a program. Its ability to do so emerged in a detailed patent application with the U. S. Patent Trademark Office, disclosed Thursday. A privacy expert said customers should be wary about Amazon having the capability to gather such a large amount of detailed information. She said the data could end up in the hands of the myriad retailers that do business with the company, or with government officials or hackers. Amazon never ceases to amaze me, said Lillie Coney, associate director of the Electronic Privacy Information Center in Washington, D.C. If they create this database, it will be used for other purposes. They are really creating something worth a great deal of value that will help their company. The patent disclosure comes at a time of heightened awareness over online security and a rash of recent security breaches. AOL recently published a list of more than 650,000 user queries that revealed names, addresses and Social Security numbers, and the company this week apologized and removed the data, but its unknown how many copies of the sensitive information were made. Amazons pending patent, which would bar competitors from replicating the companys process for gathering information, details how it could compile data from customers to create a profile of products that a person might want to buy. Such a database would include the gender, date of birth, interests, occupation, education, income level, residence, race and ethnicity of customers for Amazons gift clustering program. Customers already willingly disclose some personal information on the site to create a wish list of desired products, for example. The larger potential database would go beyond that. Even if a customer does not know demographic information or interests of a possible recipient, the system may be able to access such informatio n from a user profile for the recipient, from past ordering patterns of the recipient, or from publicly accessible databases, the patent application said. Company spokeswoman Patty Smith said Amazon.com has no current plans to implement such a system. Not every company uses a patent it has in its name, but it may have a patent in portfolio, Smith said. Who knows 10 years down the road or five years down the road? It might be good to implement. We want to protect our intellectual property. Smith said the document released Thursday is an addendum to a patent Amazon sought in October 2000 and received in February of this year. She said much of what was in the original patent was also disclosed Thursday, but she didnt have details on what was new. Smith said that six years ago Amazon was trying to figure out ways to make it easier for customers to find information on the companys wish list feature for gifts. Amazon is always careful how it uses customer data so the customer experience will be as good as it can be, she said. The system described in the patent would give shoppers, with the click of a mouse, additional detailed information at the discretion of the gift recipient. Amazon already groups or clusters gifts, such as camping items or back-to-school goods, and then suggests them to buyers based on generic factors such as price, the relationship between the giver and receiver or the recipients age or gender. The patent disclosure also comes at a time when Amazon, originally an online bookseller in 1995, is moving into new ventures to boost profits. The companys stock took a huge hit last month after Amazon reported disappointing second-quarter earnings and company executives said there would be continual heavy spending on technology. Amazon recently started its own toy and food stores. The patent application, filed Dec. 9, 2005, by Amazon inventor Amit Agarwal but made public Thursday, could take years to be approved, according to Brigid Quinn, a Patent Trademark Office spokeswoman. Quinn said theres a backlog of more than 700,000 patent applications, and the agency reviews about 300,000 a year. Its in the early stages. Its not even on an examiners desk yet, Quinn said. But they could use it without it being patented. The patent only prevents others from using it. Greg Linden, a former technology team leader at Amazon, said it sounds to him like Amazon is just protecting its wish list feature. Linden, founder of Findory.com, an online news site, also warned not to read too much into a patent application because lawyers throw in everything they can think of to keep competitors from copying an idea. Read more: http://www.seattlepi.com/business/article/Amazon-database-would-put-shoppers-intimate-1211419.php#ixzz24rlGoBic http://aws.amazon.com/solutions/case-studies/amazon-oracle/ AWS Case Study: Amazon.com Oracle DB Backup to Amazon S3 Amazon.com is the world’s largest online retailer. In 2011, Amazon.com switched from tape backup to using Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) for backing up the majority of its Oracle databases. This strategy reduces complexity and capital expenditures, provides faster backup and restore performance, eliminates tape capacity planning for backup and archive, and frees up administrative staff for higher value operations. They were able to replace their backup tape infrastructure with Cloud-based Amazon S3 storage, eliminate backup software, and experienced a 12X performance improvement, reducing restore time from around 15 hours to 2.5 hours in select scenarios. The Business Challenges As Amazon.com grows larger, the sizes of their Oracle databases continue to grow, and so does the sheer number of databases they maintain. This has caused growing pains related to backing up legacy Oracle databases to tape and led to the consideration of alternate strategies including the use of Cloud services of Amazon Web Services (AWS), a subsidiary of Amazon.com. Some of the business challenges Amazon.com faced included: Utilization and capacity planning is complex, and time and capital expense budget are at a premium. Significant capital expenditures were required over the years for tape hardware, data center space for this hardware, and enterprise licensing fees for tape software. During that time, managing tape infrastructure required highly skilled staff to spend time with setup, certification and engineering archive planning instead of on higher value projects. And at the end of every fiscal year, projecting future capacity requirements required time consuming audits, forecasting, and budgeting. The cost of backup software required to support multiple tape devices sneaks up on you. Tape robots provide basic read/write capability, but in order to fully utilize them, you must invest in proprietary tape backup software. For Amazon.com, the cost of the software had been high, and added significantly to overall backup costs. The cost of this software was an ongoing budgeting pain point, but one that was difficult to address as long as backups needed to be written to tape devices. Maintaining reliable backups and being fast and efficient when retrieving data requires a lot of time and effort with tape. When data needs to be durably stored on tape, multiple copies are required. When everything is working correctly, and there is minimal contention for tape resources, the tape robots and backup software can easily find the required data. However, if there is a hardware failure, human intervention is necessary to restore from tape. Contention for tape drives resulting from multiple users’ tape requests slows down restore processes even more. This adds to the recovery time objective (RTO) and makes achieving it more challenging compared to backing up to Cloud storage. Advantages with Amazon Web Services Amazon.com initiated the evaluation of Amazon S3 for economic and performance improvements related to data backup. As part of that evaluation, they considered security, availability, and performance aspects of Amazon S3 backups. Amazon.com also executed a cost-benefit analysis to ensure that a migration to Amazon S3 would be financially worthwhile. That cost benefit analysis included the following elements: Performance advantage and cost competitiveness. It was important that the overall costs of the backups did not increase. At the same time, Amazon.com required faster backup and recovery performance. The time and effort required for backup and for recovery operations proved to be a significant improvement over tape, with restoring from Amazon S3 running from two to twelve times faster than a similar restore from tape. Amazon.com required any new backup medium to provide improved performance while maintaining or reducing overall costs. Backing up to on-premises disk based storage would have improved performance, but missed on cost competitiveness. Amazon S3 Cloud based storage met both criteria. Greater durability and availability. Amazon S3 is designed to provide 99.999999999% durability and 99.99% availability of objects over a given year. Amazon.com compared these figures with those observed from their tape infrastructure, and determined that Amazon S3 offered significant improvement. Less operational friction. Amazon.com DBAs had to evaluate whether Amazon S3 backups would be viable for their database backups. They determined that using Amazon S3 for backups was easy to implement because it worked seamlessly with Oracle RMAN. Strong data security. Amazon.com found that AWS met all of their requirements for physical security, security accreditations, and security processes, protecting data in flight, data at rest, and utilizing suitable encryption standards. The Business Benefits With the migration to Amazon S3 well along the way to completion, Amazon.com has realized several benefits, including: Elimination of complex and time-consuming tape capacity planning. Amazon.com is growing larger and more dynamic each year, both organically and as a result of acquisitions. AWS has enabled Amazon.com to keep pace with this rapid expansion, and to do so seamlessly. Historically, Amazon.com business groups have had to write annual backup plans, quantifying the amount of tape storage that they plan to use for the year and the frequency with which they will use the tape resources. These plans are then used to charge each organization for their tape usage, spreading the cost among many teams. With Amazon S3, teams simply pay for what they use, and are billed for their usage as they go. There are virtually no upper limits as to how much data can be stored in Amazon S3, and so there are no worries about running out of resources. For teams adopting Amazon S3 backups, the need for formal planning has been all but eliminated. Reduced capital expenditures. Amazon.com no longer needs to acquire tape robots, tape drives, tape inventory, data center space, networking gear, enterprise backup software, or predict future tape consumption. This eliminates the burden of budgeting for capital equipment well in advance as well as the capital expense. Immediate availability of data for restoring – no need to locate or retrieve physical tapes. Whenever a DBA needs to restore data from tape, they face delays. The tape backup software needs to read the tape catalog to find the correct files to restore, locate the correct tape, mount the tape, and read the data from it. In almost all cases the data is spread across multiple tapes, resulting in further delays. This, combined with contention for tape drives resulting from multiple users’ tape requests, slows the process down even more. This is especially severe during critical events such as a data center outage, when many databases must be restored simultaneously and as soon as possible. None of these problems occur with Amazon S3. Data restores can begin immediately, with no waiting or tape queuing – and that means the database can be recovered much faster. Backing up a database to Amazon S3 can be two to twelve times faster than with tape drives. As one example, in a benchmark test a DBA was able to restore 3.8 terabytes in 2.5 hours over gigabit Ethernet. This amounts to 25 gigabytes per minute, or 422MB per second. In addition, since Amazon.com uses RMAN data compression, the effective restore rate was 3.37 gigabytes per second. This 2.5 hours compares to, conservatively, 10-15 hours that would be required to restore from tape. Easy implementation of Oracle RMAN backups to Amazon S3. The DBAs found it easy to start backing up their databases to Amazon S3. Directing Oracle RMAN backups to Amazon S3 requires only a configuration of the Oracle Secure Backup Cloud (SBC) module. The effort required to configure the Oracle SBC module amounted to an hour or less per database. After this one-time setup, the database backups were transparently redirected to Amazon S3. Durable data storage provided by Amazon S3, which is designed for 11 nines durability. On occasion, Amazon.com has experienced hardware failures with tape infrastructure – tapes that break, tape drives that fail, and robotic components that fail. Sometimes this happens when a DBA is trying to restore a database, and dramatically increases the mean time to recover (MTTR). With the durability and availability of Amazon S3, these issues are no longe r a concern. Freeing up valuable human resources. With tape infrastructure, Amazon.com had to seek out engineers who were experienced with very large tape backup installations – a specialized, vendor-specific skill set that is difficult to find. They also needed to hire data center technicians and dedicate them to problem-solving and troubleshooting hardware issues – replacing drives, shuffling tapes around, shipping and tracking tapes, and so on. Amazon S3 allowed them to free up these specialists from day-to-day operations so that they can work on more valuable, business-critical engineering tasks. Elimination of physical tape transport to off-site location. Any company that has been storing Oracle backup data offsite should take a hard look at the costs involved in transporting, securing and storing their tapes offsite – these costs can be reduced or possibly eliminated by storing the data in Amazon S3. As the world’s largest online retailer, Amazon.com continuously innovates in order to provide improved customer experience and offer products at the lowest possible prices. One such innovation has been to replace tape with Amazon S3 storage for database backups. This innovation is one that can be easily replicated by other organizations that back up their Oracle databases to tape.